Quick Tips for High Contrast Mode

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Sarah Higley has some CSS tricks up her sleeve for dealing with High Contrast Mode on Windows, which I learned is referred to as WHCM.

Here’s the first trick:

[…] if the default CSS outline property doesn’t give you the visual effect you want [in WHCM] for focus states, there’s a very simple fix. Instead of overriding default browser focus styles with outline: none, make it transparent instead: outline 3px solid transparent.

That will essentially do nothing outside of WHCM, but in WHCM, it will be a thick white border, which is a strong, good visual focus style.

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Grid for layout, flexbox for components

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When should we reach for CSS grid and when should we use flexbox? Rachel Andrew wrote about this very conundrum way back in 2016:

Flexbox is essentially for laying out items in a single dimension – in a row OR a column. Grid is for layout of items in two dimensions – rows AND columns.

Ahmad Shadeed wrote a post where he gives the same advice, but from a different angle. He argues we should use grid for layout and flexbox for components:

Remember that old layout method might be perfect for the job. Overusing flexbox or grid can increase the complexity of your CSS by time. I don’t mean they are complex, but using them correctly and in the right context as explained from the examples in this article is much better.

Speaking of which, there’s so many great layout examples in this post, too.

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Understand why CSS has no effect with the Inactive CSS rules indicator in Firefox DevTools

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It’s useful when DevTools tells you that a declaration is invalid. For example, colr: red; isn’t valid because colr isn’t a valid property. Likewise color: rd; isn’t valid because rd isn’t a valid value. For the most part, a browser’s DevTools shows the declaration as crossed out with a warning () icon. It would be nice if they went a step further to tell you which thing was wrong (or both) and suggest likely fixes, but hey, I don’t wanna look a gift horse in the mouth.

Firefox is starting to go a step further in telling you when certain declarations aren’t valid, not because of a syntax error, but because they don’t meet other qualifications. For example, I tossed a grid-column-gap: 1rem on a random <p> and I was told this in a little popup:

grid-column-gap has no effect on this element since it’s not a flex container, a grid container, or a multi-column container.

Try adding either display:grid, display:flex, or columns:2. Learn more

Well that’s awful handy.

Elijah Manor has a blog post and video digging into this a bit.

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Adding CSS to a Page via HTTP Headers

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Only Firefox supports it, but if you return a request with a header like this:

Header add Link "<style.css>;rel=stylesheet;media=all"

…that will link to that stylesheet without you having to do it in the HTML. Louis Lazaris digs into it:

[…] the only thing I can think of that could justify use for this in production is as a way to include some Firefox-only CSS, which Eric Meyer mentions as a possibility in an old post on this subject. But it’s not guaranteed to always only work in Firefox, so that’s still a problem.

Do with this what you like, but it’s extremely unlikely that this will have any use in a real project.

I appreciate some classic CSS trickery.

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On fixed elements and backgrounds

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After just playing with apsect-ratio and being pleasantly surprised at how intuitive it is, here’s an example of CSS acting unintuitively:

If you have a fixed element on your page, which means it doesn’t move when you scroll, you might realise that it no longer acts fixed if you apply a CSS filter on its nearest ancestor. Go ahead, try it on the CodePen.

This is because applying a filter on the fixed element’s immediate parent makes it becoming the containing block instead of the viewport.

Hui Jing has more to teach in there about scrolling, rendering performance, and trickery with using pseudo elements to avoid issues.

I find this kind of thing among the most challenging CSS concepts to wrap my mind around, like Block Formatting Contexts (BFCs). A BFC Is A Mini Layout In Your Layout. 🤯

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Overlapping Header with CSS Grid

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Snook shows off a classic design with an oversized header up top, and a content area that is “pulled up” into that header area. My mind goes to the same place:

Historically, I’ve done this with negative margins. The header has a height that adds a bunch of padding to the bottom and then the body gets a margin-top: -50px or whatever the design calls for.

If you match the margin and padding with a situation like this, it’s not exactly magic numbers, but it still doesn’t feel great to me beaus they’re still numbers you need to keep in sync across totally different elements.

His idea? Build it with CSS grid instead. Definitely feels much more robust.

Random coinsidence, I was reading Chen Hui Jing’s “The one in black and orange” post and the pattern showed up there as well.

(I ended up doing a video on this).

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Global CSS options with custom properties

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With a preprocessor, like Sass, building a logical “do this or don’t” setting is fairly straightforward:

$option: false;

@mixin doThing {
  @if $option {
    do-thing: yep;
  }
}

.el {
  @include doThing;
}

Can we do that in native CSS with custom properties? Mark Otto shows that we can. It’s just a smidge different.

html {
  --component-shadow: 0 .5rem 1rem rgba(0,0,0,.1);
}

.component {
  box-shadow: var(--component-shadow);
}

<!-- override the global anywhere more specific! like
     <div class="component remove-shadow">
     or
     <body class="remove-shadow"> -->
.remove-shadow {
  --component-shadow: none;
}

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PureCSS Gaze

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Diana Smith with another mind-bending all HTML & CSS painting.

I love that these occupy a special place on the “Should I draw this in CSS?” curve. Things like simple shapes are definitely on the “yes” side of the curve. Then there’s a large valley where things get a little too impractical to draw that way, and using some other image format (e.g. SVG) makes way more sense.

Diana’s work pulls the curve back up to the “yes” side. Not only because it’s proof that CSS can be an amazing expressionistic art tool, but also from a performance standpoint — it’s only 2 KB of HTML and 10 KB of CSS.

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CSS fix for 100vh in mobile WebKit

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A surprisingly common response when asking people about things they’d fix about anything in CSS, is to improve the handling of viewport units.

One thing that comes up often is how they relate to scrollbars. For example, if an element is sized to 100vw and stretches edge-to-edge, that’s fine so long as the page doesn’t have a vertical scrollbar. If it does have a vertical scrollbar, then 100vw is too wide, and the presence of that vertical scrollbar triggers a horizontal scrollbar because viewport units don’t have an elegant/optional way of handling that. So you might be hiding overflow on the body when you otherwise wouldn’t need to, for example. (Demo)

Another scenario involves mobile browsers. You might use viewport units to help you position a fixed footer along the bottom of the screen. But then browser chrome might come up (e.g. navigation, keyboard, etc), and it may cover the footer, because the mobile browser doesn’t consider anything changed about the viewport size.

Matt Smith documents this problem:

On the left, the browser navigation bar (considered browser chrome) is covering up the footer making it appear that the footer is beyond 100vh when it is not. On the right, the -webkit-fill-available property is being used rather than viewport units to fix the problem.

And a solution of sorts:

body {
  min-height: 100vh;
  /* mobile viewport bug fix */
  min-height: -webkit-fill-available;
}

Does this really work? […] I’ve had no problems with any of the tests I’ve run and I’m using this method in production right now. But I did receive a number of responses to my tweet pointing to other possible problems with using this (the effects of rotating devices, Chrome not completely ignoring the property, etc.)

It would be better to get some real cross-browser solution for this someday, but I don’t see any issues using this as an improvement. It’s weird to use a vendor-prefixed property as a progressive enhancement, but hey, the world is weird.

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Discoverability with infinite scroll

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How do you handle your link discoverability when also using infinite scroll.

As we know, Google has been ignoring link rel=prev/next for years.

A lot of my older content is showing up with no internal links.

I do have HTML page navigation but its hidden with display:none

Submit AMP page to Google Sitemap

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Is there an advantage to submitting my AMP pages to my Google sitemap?

I am using <link rel="amphtml" ... but I was wondering if submitting them lead to faster discovery?

My AMP pages are starting to show up in Google Search Console Coverage for "Indexed, not submitted in sitemap"

However, I cannot confirm that their non-AMP canonicals are in the latest version of the sitemap that Google has crawled and parsed.

Why does writing matter in remote work?

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Talk to anyone who has an active blog and I bet they’ll tell you it’s been valuable to them. Maybe it’s opened doors. Maybe it’s got them a job. Maybe it’s got them a conference invite. Maybe they just like the thrill of knowing people have read and responded to it. Maybe they learned a lot through its creation and maintenance.

Khoi Vinh said:

It’s hard to overstate how important my blog has been, but if I were to try to distill it down into one word, it would be: “amplifier.”

But what about other kinds of writing? Just day to day writing? Is that important for web workers? “Especially now”?

Tim Casasola:

In remote work, we communicate primarily through writing. We send messages in Slack. We document projects in Notion. We send meeting invites with a written description of the purpose. We’re writing all the time.

It’s just so damn important for team work of any kind, particularly when you aren’t next to each other physically.

While writing forces people to think clearly, writing also forces teams to think clearly. In my experience, having a clearly written thing makes it easy for folks to collaborate with me. This is because people naturally enjoy poking holes in arguments, adding points that were missed, or mentioning any risks that weren’t taken into account. I’ve found it helpful to use this human tendency to my advantage. Extra opinions and poked holes are hard to surface if you didn’t write something in the first place.

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[David Baron’s] Thoughts on an implementable path forward for Container Queries

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That’s the title of a public post from David Baron, a Principal Engineer at Firefox, with thoughts toward container queries. I know a lot of people have been holding their breath waiting for David’s ideas, as he’s one of few uniquely qualified to understand the ins and outs of this and speak to implementation possibility.

We’re still in the early stages of container queries. Every web designer and developer wants them, the browsers know it, but it’s a super complicated situation. It was very encouraging in February 2020 to hear positive signals about a possible switch-statement syntax that would give us access to an available-inline-size used to conditionally set individual values.

Now we’re seeing a second idea that is also in the realm of the possible.

This ideas uses an @rule instead for the syntax. From the document:

@container <selector> (<container-media-query>)? {
  // ... rules ...
}

So I’m imagining it like:

.parent {
  contain: layout inline-size;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100%;
  gap: 1rem;
}
@container .parent (min-width: 400px) {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;

  .child::before {
     content: "Hello from container query land!";
   }
}

Except…

  1. I’m not sure if you’d have to repeat the selector inside as well? Or if dropping property/value pairs in there automatically applies to the selector in the @rule.
  2. David says, “The rules can match only that container’s descendants. Probably we’d need support for some properties applying to the container itself, but others definitely can’t.” I’d hope grid properties are a strong contender for something you can change, but I have no idea. Otherwise, I think we’d see people wrapping elements with <div class="container-query"> to get around the “only descendants” limit.

Containment seems to be a very important part of this. Like, if the element isn’t property contained, the container query just won’t work. I don’t know that much about containment, but Rachel has a great deep dive from late last year.

Again, this is super early days, I’m just having fun watching this and none of us really have any idea what will actually make it to browsers.

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Constrained CSS grids without `max-width`

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Ain’t nothing wrong with max-width, but Ethan makes a point in the last sentence:

Rather than simply defaulting to max-width as a constraint, I can use the empty space around my design, and treat it as a layout tool.

If the space “around” your grid is actually part of the grid, it’s easier to use. Maybe you’d decide to scootch some author information up there after all, or show an ad, or who knows what. It will be more robust if you do it within the established grid.

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The Contrast Triangle

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Chip Cullen:

Let’s say you’re building a site, and you’re working with a designer. They come to you with some solid designs, and you’re ready to go. You’re also a conscientious front end developer and you like to make sure the sites you build are accessible. The designs you’re working from have some body copy, but you notice that the links inside the body copy are missing underlines.

You are now in The Contrast Triangle.

The “triangle” meaning a three-sided comparison:

  • The contrast between the background and text
  • The contrast between the background and links
  • the contrast between text and links

I would think this matters whether you underline links or not, but I take the point that without underlines the problem is worse.

I’d also argue the problem is even more complicated. You’ve also got to consider the text when it is selected, and make sure everything has contrast when that is the case too. And the hover states, active states, visited states, and focus states. So it’s really like hexacontakaienneagon of contrast or something.

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When debugging, your attitude matters

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Julia Evans:

I was debugging some CSS last week, and I think that post is missing something important: your attitude.

Now – I’m not a very good CSS developer yet. I’ve never written CSS professionally and I don’t understand a lot of basic CSS concepts (I think I finally understood for the first time recently how position: absolute works). And last week I was working on the most complicated CSS project I’d ever attempted.

While I was debugging my CSS, I noticed myself doing some bad things that I normally would not! I was:

• making random changes to my code in the hopes that it would work
• googling a lot of things and trying them without understanding what they did
• if something broke, reverting my changes and starting again

This strategy was exactly as effective as you might imagine (not very effective!), and it was because of my attitude about CSS! I had this unusual-for-me belief that CSS was Too Hard and impossible for me to understand. So let’s talk about that attitude a bit!

It’s super unfortunate this specific bug (a difference in z-index behavior between Chrome and Firefox) is what was giving Julia a hard time. Those kind of cross-browser differences are fewer and farther between these days, thankfully. I’m certainly sympathetic to CSS being super tricky sometimes, and it can be that way without dealing with an actual browser bug.

But I like the sentiment: if you go into a tricky problem with a positive I can do this attitude starting with the basics, you can do it.

I think literally everything in life is easier and better with a better attitude. Food tastes better! Reminds me of my favorite mis-remembered quote from good ol’ Uncle Iroh from The Last Airbender:

The best tasting tea is the tea you drink when you are in a good mood.

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